Bad Teachers Free Essays

The poor encouraging propensities for educators shows extraordinarily in the manner understudies learn. It makes understudies become unmotivated, drop out, and it additionally builds their odds of going to jail. In the narrative â€Å"Waiting for Superman† states that on account of terrible instructors understudies are bound to come up short and drop out of school. We will compose a custom article test on Terrible Teachers or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now In the narrative they indicated that awful instructors just sat in class and dozed or didn't educate yet since they had residency they couldn't be terminated without experiencing desk work and courts. The understudies are what endure the most along these lines. Awful educators are the primary driver of bombing grades, unmotivated understudies, and the expansion of secondary school dropouts in detainment facilities. The lazy guides cause understudies to detest what they are realizing and not have any desire to learn. It additionally makes them not go to class and begin to fall flat. The narrative expressed that thoughtless instructors just spread 50% of the material while great educators can cover multiple times that. In my secondary school we had an educator who didn’t make class worth coming to. She would give notes and presents and sit at her work area the entire class. It made it extremely difficult for me to learn, or need to learn. I essentially needed to show myself polynomial math since she wouldn’t. At that point when the following year tagged along I had no clue about what we were realizing. My languid educator demolished science for me. At the point when understudies become unmotivated they begin to bomb their classes since they think they can’t learn, or they are idiotic, when in actuality it is the instructors shortcoming. Bombing understudies can get discouraged or not care what befalls their future yet they don’t understand that with bombing grades universities won’t acknowledge you, and in the event that you do get into a school you won’t know the material. Terrible educators are the reason for unmotivated understudies since when understudies don’t have a ton of fun learning they won’t need to learn. At the point when understudies don’t need to learn it ruins their odds of getting passing marks in that class and furthermore different classes. Penitentiaries are loaded up with secondary school dropouts since they can’t find a decent line of work without a certificate. To bring in additional cash they may sell tranquilizes or loot individuals and when they get captured they go to prison. I for one accept that if the educational system was fixed there wouldn’t be as much wrongdoing since individuals would need to learn and head off to college to take in substantial income. The reason for the entirety of this returns to the educators. Sitting tight for Superman† shows the insights of secondary school dropouts to detainees in jail and they were exceptionally high. The educational system needs reexamin ed with the goal that understudies can show signs of improvement instruction and have the option to prevail throughout everyday life. Until we can do this the terrible educators will keep on destroying students’ instruction making them not have any desire to learn or wind up dropping out. The narrative â€Å"Waiting for Superman† was exceptionally instructive of how schools can't change because of residency and associations. I accept that terrible educators will never leave until they begin to see that this age is coming up short in view of the instruction we need however didn't get. Instructions to refer to Bad Teachers, Essay models

Insanity Defense free essay sample

One of the first madness resistances is characterized by the M’Naghten Test; it is still at present being utilized by twenty five states. The M’Naghten Test expresses that a respondent ought not be considered liable for his activities just if, because of his psychological illness or deformity, he didn't have the foggiest idea about that his demonstration would not be right; or didn't comprehend the nature and nature of his activities. The Durham/New Hampshire Test is another type of madness safeguard. This test expresses that a litigant is can be not seen not as blameworthy if his dysfunctional behavior was the purpose behind the wrongdoing. This is otherwise called the Product Test. This test has a lot more extensive standards in regards to the madness guard; in any case, it dealt with the issue of conceivably sentencing intellectually sick litigants. This could and happened when utilizing the MNaghten Rule. The Durham standard did anyway draw a great deal of analysis because of its extended meaning of legitimate craziness and the straightforwardness at which a few respondents had the option to utilize it. The Insanity Defense Reform Act of 1984, as a result, genuinely changed the meaning of madness and how it could be utilized by a respondent or potentially their lawyers. Essentially it returned the capacity to supplication madness to the Victorian era’s thought of good and bad, after the first M’Naghten case in the homicide of Robert Peel. This demonstration reflects the MNaghten decides with the exception of that it necessitates that the respondent must experience the ill effects of an extreme mental imperfection, and, all the more significantly it puts the weight on the litigant to demonstrate by clear and persuading proof that there is a serious mental deformity, this is a turn to ordinary court system where the weight of verification would typically be on the state. This is a considerably more tough standard achieved by Congress due to the John Hinckley absolution and the open shock that followed. Representative Strom Thurmond vigorously censured the madness guard utilized by Hinckley’s legal advisors for absolving a litigant who clearly arranged and knew precisely what he was doing. There is a case in Texas that includes Andre Thomas, who is presently waiting for capital punishment for the homicide of his better half and two youngsters. After he murdered them he cut out their souls and hefted them around in his pocket. Before being put being investigated for homicide he culled out his own correct eye, and from that point forward, waiting for capital punishment he has gouged out his residual eye and ate it The Texas courts state that he isn't crazy, nor does he endure any extreme mental lacks. An appointed authority on the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals wrote in an agreeing disavowal of his allure that Thomas is unmistakably insane, however he is likewise rational under Texas law. After prescription and mental treatment, Mr. Thomas was discovered skillful to stand preliminary, in light of the fact that by then he had the option to discuss plainly with and help his lawyer with all due respect. At preliminary, he was seen as normal at the hour of the wrongdoing since he realized the contrast among good and bad and will be killed in the event that he comprehends what execution means and why he is being killed. Despite the fact that he was ineffective in his madness supplication, he ought to be the banner kid for change for the craziness safeguard, particularly after the automatic responses that caused the Insanity Reform Act of 1984. For another situation from November of 1978 a previous San Francisco City Supervisor, Dan White, shot and slaughtered Mayor George Moscone and Harvey Milk. The litigant broke into City Hall through a cellar window to maintain a strategic distance from metal finders, utilized especially deadly ammo, and reloaded his weapon at any rate once during the violations. White was sentenced in 1979 for Voluntary Manslaughter after his lawyers mounted what might get known as the â€Å"Twinkie Defense†. This was a misnomer, since Twinkies were never really raised or alluded to at the preliminary. Martin Blinder, a therapist, affirmed that Dan White was seriously discouraged at the hour of the shootings. A few components were refered to that demonstrated White’s profound misery; he had stopped working and intentionally maintained a strategic distance from any contact his significant other and family. White, who was typically spotless cut, was rumpled and grimy in appearance, he likewise was recently known as a wellness devotee who had as of late started expending abundant measures of low quality nourishment and sodas. This as indicated by Blinder was a consequence of his profound untreated misery. Another therapist, George Solomon, affirmed that White had detonated and was kind of on programmed pilot at the hour of the killings. Barrier lawyers were fruitful in convincing the jury that White was decreased in his psychological limit with regards to judicious idea and members of the jury discovered him unequipped for the intention that would be required to get a homicide conviction. In Michigan, in 1977, Francine Hughes executed her significant other Mickey by pouring gas all finished and around their bed while he was tanked and dropped, lit the fuel and consumed him to death. At her preliminary she professed to have been beaten for more than fourteen years by an oppressive spouse who took steps to kill her various occasions in the event that she attempted to leaving him. She and her lawyer asserted that she had been briefly crazy at the hour of the killing and was not liable therefore. The jury concurred and she was vindicated. Her case was one of the forerunners to the battered women’s disorder as a resistance, and verification of a women’s right to self protection in her own home. This is an ideal case model for the utilization of the impermanent craziness request. The craziness supplication as a guard unquestionably has its place among the courts and the American equity framework. It is heartbreaking however, that some prominent cases get all the media inclusion and will in general eclipse different situations where the respondent is unquestionably crazy or at any rate unequipped for figuring out what is directly from wrong. On account of Andre Thomas who is waiting for capital punishment, I don’t know about anybody that would fight that he is normal. Surely he isn't sufficiently rational to have stood preliminary and be waiting for capital punishment. In the event that we need to mightily sedate somebody to get them to a point where they can at long last acknowledge what they have done isn't right, how might we say that they were rational at the hour of the wrongdoing when they were unmedicated? How is it conceivable that we need to commandingly sedate somebody with the goal that they comprehend that they will be executed and why? In the event that they were unmedicated would they be able to get it? Doesn’t this show they ought to be under mental or mental clinical consideration and not under the punishment of death? I am not saying that they ought to ever be let free on the roads again, at the same time, to kill somebody who was crazy or of reduced mental limit at the hour of a wrongdoing, is considerably progressively crazy to me, killing them isn't the appropriate response, it’s sad.

Blog Archive MBA News Darden School of Business Ranks First in Graduate Satisfaction Survey

Blog Archive MBA News Darden School of Business Ranks First in Graduate Satisfaction Survey Business school rankings often provide more insight on MBA programs than just a simple top-ten list. For example, Forbes, which released its biennial MBA rankings in September, recently revisited its data to determine which business schools generate the most satisfied graduates. After reviewing the responses of more than 4,000 alumni from the Class of 2010 at 50 schools, the publication identified the top ten with the highest levels of graduate satisfaction based on three factors: How satisfied respondents are with their education five years after graduation How satisfied they are with their current job positions How well their business degrees prepared them for post-graduation life The University of Virginia Darden School of Business came out on top overall, ranking first in both education satisfaction and preparedness. The Broad College of Business at Michigan State University ranked first in job satisfaction but fourth overall. Interestingly, Forbes points out that such typically top-ranked schools as Harvard Business School, Columbia Business School, and the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania ranked notably low in job satisfactionâ€"in the bottom half of the 50 schoolsâ€"despite their graduates earning average annual salaries of more than $200K. Share ThisTweet News University of Virginia (Darden)

Risk Management Helps to Prevent Errors Essay - 1229 Words

Ways that the risk manager could prevent this type of event happening in the future would be to establish and maintain a functional pediatric formulary system with policies for drug evaluation, selection and therapeutic use. To prevent timing errors in medication administration, standardize how days are counted in all protocols by deciding upon a protocol start date. Limit the number of concentrations and dose strengths of high alert medications to the minimum needed to provide safe care. Assign a practitioner trained in pediatrics to any committee that is responsible for the oversight of medication management. Develop preprinted medication order forms and clinical pathways or protocols to reflect a standardized approach to†¦show more content†¦On the management side of the event would include: the charge nurse, director of the unit, risk manager, and the CEO of the organization. An event of this significance would catch the attention of numerous management staff, due t o the legal action that could be taken from the parents. The Joint Commission, Medication Errors Reporting program, and The National Council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention would be the organizations involved to report the event to and aide in the prevention of it never happening again. This type of an event could catch the eye of the media. If the hospital were completely honest to the parents of the mistake, they could report it to the media for awareness of the fault of the organization, sympathy or education for prevent this event happening again. Active failures are the unsafe acts committed by people who are in direct contact with the patient or system. The forms vary but they are easier to pinpoint such as: slips, lapse, fumbles, mistakes, and procedural violations. Active failures have a direct and usually short lived impact on the integrity of the defenses (Reason, 2000). Active failures are the main issues that stand out when a risk happens. Latent co nditions are the inevitable â€Å"resident pathogens† within the system. They arise from decisions made by designers, builders, procedure writers and top level management. LatentShow MoreRelatedRISK MANAGEMENT Essays1345 Words   |  6 PagesRISK MANAGEMENT Clinical risk is an avoidable increase in the probability of harm occurring to a patient Clinical Risk Management (CRM) is an approach to improving the quality and safety of healthcare by: ï‚ · ï‚ · placing special emphasis on identifying circumstances that put patients at risk of harm acting to prevent or control those risks CRM helps the hospital: to maintain and improve quality of services improve patient safety reduce frequency of litigation help maintain trust in profession preventRead MoreThe Importance Of Error Analysis And Failure Mode Effects Analysis755 Words   |  4 Pagesdue to serious and avoidable medical errors or safety events (Muething et al., 2012). For this reason, it is crucial to understand how these avertable medical errors or safety events can be prevented or eliminated. There are factors involved in the process of analyzing particular errors in an organization. This paper focuses on two processes of error analysis (Root Cause Analysis (RCA) and Failure Mode Effects Analysis (FMEA)) to address unnecessary medical errors (Serious Safety Events (SSE)). SSERead MoreWhat Management and Auditors Can Do to Help Prevent Fraud, Errors and Illegal Acts1157 Words   |  5 PagesSacks-Wilner Term Paper What Management and Auditors can do to Help Prevent Fraud, Errors and Illegal Acts Fraudulent, erroneous, and illegal acts committed by a public company, usually at a managerial or executive level, have been a very serious problem for many years and have prompted development of strict and updated regulations, such as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, in an attempt to prevent these occurrences. Unfortunately, these new or updated regulations are not enough to prevent these acts from happeningRead MoreWrong-Site Surgeries: How to End the Tragedy? Essay1142 Words   |  5 PagesThousands of incidents of wrong patient and wrong side/site surgeries occur every year in the United States. In general, patient identification errors (PIE) pose the most dramatic consequences that may even lead to patient death. While some PIE lead to taking the wrong medication, others lead to reporting the wrong laboratory or radiological reports to the wrong patient. Interestingly, these drastic scenarios can simply be prevented by following the patient identification protocols which usuallyRead Mor eTheory On Control Of Assets1331 Words   |  6 Pagesthe veracity of financial information, meet operational and profitability goals and broadcast management policies throughout the organization. Internal controls are how a business or organization’s resources are directed, calculated and observed. Purpose of internal controls Ensure a business: †¢ adheres to its policies and plans (Establish Protocols) †¢ departments achieves all its goals and targets Helps: †¢ Promote systematic, inexpensive, proficient and effectual operations. †¢ Produce qualityRead MoreThe Effects Of Risk Management On Health Care Organizations894 Words   |  4 PagesIn the context of risk management, there are several ways that Failure Mode and Effects Analysis can be used to improve processes in health care organizations. According to Stanley Davis and colleagues, documenting and analyzing potential risks proactively is essential for improving patient safety (Davis, et al., n.d.). The article states that Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is used prospectively to identify the possible system failures, and to fix the problems to make the system more robustRead MoreRisk Management : An Organization Of Patient Safety1456 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to ECRI Institute (2014), risk management did not emerge as a distinct profession in healthcare, primarily in the hospital environment, until the mid-1970s, when the number of malpractice claims against physicians and hospitals increased dramatically, and settlements and judgmen ts skyrocketed. In 1977, the American Hospital Association encouraged hospitals to implement risk management programs as a solution to malpractice problems, calling risk management the â€Å"science for the identificationRead MoreAccident Report On The Workplace1489 Words   |  6 Pagesaccident proneness theory, the energy transfer theory and biased liability theory. Saari, (2009) argues that even though these theories explain various causes of accidents, they are mainly conceptual in nature and therefore cannot explicitly be used to prevent and control accidents. None of the below-discussed theories have been either proven to be wrong or correct; therefore, have not universally been accepted. The ideas are termed to be necessary but not sufficient which can be used to develop a frameRead MoreKudler - Internal Control and Risk998 Words   |  4 Pagesand Risk Evaluation Internal controls are an integral part of a company to provide a foundation for a safe, sound and successful organization. According to COSO, â€Å"the three primary objectives of an internal control system are to ensure efficient and effective operations, accurate financial reporting and compliance with laws and operations† (COSO, 1999). Proper internal control programs can help Kudler’s managers to make decisions, progress evaluations and mitigate risks, however, all risks willRead MoreThe Risks of Database System1059 Words   |  4 PagesStrength Accounting and Personnel Management. The system provides the end users with capabilities to: enter data, including database updates and data validations; edit transaction input and update the database; generate reports and retrieve information throughout queries; generate interface transactions for the headquarters operating level at the National Guard Bureau (NGB), Military Pay Branch (MPB) at the State Level, and Retirem ent Points Accounting Management (RPAM) and generating output for external

The Untold Story Of Natural Disasters - 2250 Words

Osjara’ Duncan English 4 Mrs. Humphrey 14 November, 2016 The Untold: Story of Natural Disasters Natural Disaster can occur at any place and any giving time without much of a warning. With a Natural Disaster taking place the best way to be ready for a Natural Disaster is to know about them and how they occur. In â€Å"Natural Disaster Facts† it says, â€Å"A natural disaster is the consequence of the combination of a natural hazard (physical event like a volcanic eruption, typhoon, tropical cyclone, tornadoes and earthquakes, a landslide or a tsunami) and human activities†. Many of these Natural Disasters cannot be predicted but knowing the environment can help us with whatever Mother Nature throws our way. A Natural Disaster can happen any time and place it’s just the fact of knowing what Natural Disaster occurs in certain area. In â€Å"Earth Facts and Information† it says,† The Definition of natural disasters is any catastrophic event that caused by nature or the natural process of th e earth†. With that being said Hurricanes, Flash Floods, Earthquakes, and Tornadoes are all considered as Natural Disasters. In â€Å"11 Facts about Disasters† it says, â€Å"In 2012 there were 905 natural catastrophes worldwide severe storms, droughts, tornadoes, earthquakes, floods, and hailstorm†. Natural Disasters just don’t take an effect on the world it also takes effect on the people who have to live with the aftermath of a Natural Disaster. â€Å"Between 2000 and 2012, naturalShow MoreRelated Censorship Essay1002 Words   |  5 Pagescourse of an idea (and it is essentially ideas that are being censored) as its natural evolution, censorship takes this evolutionary course and disrupts and changes it, often until it is no longer the same substance as before. Why do states (in truth any group of people) feel the need to censor? Moreover, can it be done effectively in the first place? It is human nature to prevent propagation and evolution of stories or is it human nature gone awry? What is our attachment to the status quo andRead MoreEnvironmental Hazards: Cultural, Biological, Physical and Chemical727 Words   |  3 Pages and in most cases, deaths from cultural hazards are preventable (if people refrain from their risky behaviors). (Wright Boorse, 2011). Biological Hazards. Human history can be told from the battle with pathogenic bacteria and viruses. It is a story of epidemics such as the black plague and typhus, which ravaged Europe in the Middle Ages, killing millions in every city, and of smallpox, which swept through the New World. The battle is not over, however, and never will be. Pathogenic bacteria,Read MorePhilosophical And Satirical Novel Candide Or Optimism 1010 Words   |  5 Pagesothers. In the novel, all institution do not do what it should do. The army do not protect people, and solders just kill many people as a result of disagreements between countries. The story of killing the admiral is shocking, and explained of cruelty in army at this time. Additionally, he shows in the story of the old women life, that solders are cruel and dishonest. They do not want to negotiate the peace even if they understand that they cannot win. As a result, they prefer to eat people whoRead MoreThe Effects Of Shale Gas On Global Warming And Climate Change And The Environment1658 Words   |  7 PagesWarming and Climate Change and the Environment Global warming is a very disputed issue due to the fact that in every situation, there are two sides to a story. Some believe global warming is not an issue seeing as there have been trends in the past that indicate that the world changes constantly and that it will once again come to its natural order. Like geologist Charles Lyell once stated with his idea of uniformitarianism, that the Earth is shaped by the same processes still in operation todayRead MoreWell before I read this book, I actually did think about what the title could mean and why the1000 Words   |  4 Pagesignorance. I think the slowly, and then all at once describes the whole book. At first it starts out with Hazel bored with life and giving up on herself, and then it accelerates extremely quickly to Augustus Waters being introduced and their love story along with them getting their wish to go to Amsterdam. But in the end, they both are devastated slowly, and then all at once. Category 2, #2 If I were to make some sort of art that would represent the book in some way, well i wouldnt because IRead More Oedipus the King: Does Oedipus Satisfy the Definition of a Good Man?1415 Words   |  6 PagesAristotle praised the type of cleverness and practical wisdom Oedipus exhibited in his solution to the riddle as being a component of overall goodness.   If it were not for Oedipus virtuous action in saving Thebes, the citizens would have suffered untold disasters at the merciless hands of the Sphinx.   After proving his worth as a good man and his concern for the citizens of what was seemingly a foreign city, Oedipus was well liked by the people of Thebes.      The people of Thebes liked their rulerRead MoreColorado River and Canyons1805 Words   |  7 Pages 277 river miles long, a mile deep and at its widest point 18 miles wide. (https://www.nps.gov/grca/index.html). Full of color and decorated by a variety of formations crafted by natures artful hand this natural wonder draws about five million people every year who participate in a range of activities from hiking and camping to white water rafting. While many stare in awe and appreciation at the breathtaking view the Grand Canyon has to offer few take time to contemplate its beginnings millionsRead MoreEssay on The Truth Behind Music and Television1964 Words   |  8 Pagesprograms. However, some television programs inform children about themselves, their environment, and the world in the comfort and safety of their own home. Not only does the media keep young adults from being physically active but also exposes them to disaster, violence, and sex at an early age. Adolescent use of media has a negative impact on children because music’s suggestive content effects their act ions and emotions and is too easily accessible, and television’s glorification of sex and violenceRead MoreDiscuss the Proposition That Local Authorities Are Better Placed to Respond to Crises and Disasters Than Central Government5400 Words   |  22 PagesCrisis and Disaster Management Essay Title: Discuss the proposition that local authorities are better placed to respond to crises and disasters than central government Introduction Both the local authorities and central government have roles and responsibilities in responding to crises and disaster situations. However, several catastrophic crises and disaster events over the past decades have casted doubts on the effectiveness of central governments in responding to crises and disaster situationsRead MoreThe Effects Of Droughts On Natural Disasters Essay1965 Words   |  8 PagesAnnually, many countries undergo the experience of natural disasters including: floods, droughts, typhoons, earthquakes, forest fires and volcanic explosions. Even with today s advanced science and technology, people cannot control them. The causes and effects of droughts are of as much importance as well as possible solutions for dealing with droughts should they occur: as goes the old adage,’ know thy enemy’. A drought is a prolonged, abnormally dry length of time with in a region, where there

The Nature of Child Development Essay - 1172 Words

Human development has been a subject of interest since ancient Greece and Rome. Different approaches derive from two basic directions: the nativists` and empiricists` ones. The latter method is to regard human development as a gradual change which has been influenced by the individual`s experience .On the other hand, the former approach has found its roots in the biological structure of the human organism which considers our development as a series of stages. However, referring to human development only as continuous or gradual would produce inconsistent and insufficient understanding of the developmental process .As a result, combining ideas of both viewpoints(continuity and phases) will provide a more explicit of understanding of the†¦show more content†¦He distinguishes eight psychological crises(stages) which directly relates to the social requirements and emotional bonds. Human psychosocial development is seen as unique which offers a great range of diversity. Consequ ently, this variety provides an opportunity of establishing universally necessary and sufficient phases of development. The eight stages form a circle which demonstrates the similarity between the first stage ( trust vs mistrust) and the last one(integrity vs despair).In other words, the human beings strive for integrity which could be reached only by passing successfully through all the phases which is a lifelong experience. Concluding from this, human development is a continuous process which is constructed by different phases. The stages role is to present more concrete and deeper understanding of this process. Another perspective is also socially orientated but it plays a considerable emphasis on the historically-cultural influences. Lev Vygotsky (1978) also explains human development as a sequence of phases. A greater interest is placed upon the formation of higher psychological processes. As a result, the importance of the language is greater than in any other theory. The ability of performing practical tasks by applying speech for their solution is considered as a higher psychological process which is unique for the humansShow MoreRelatedInfluence of Nature Versus Nurture on Child Development1202 Words   |  5 Pages Nature as well as nurture can affect the child development. There are many factors that determine the development of a child. Many theories that are proposed by psychologist are used to explain the process of child development. Berndt (1992) explained nature as the impact of the genetic inheritance or heredity of a person during development. Based on Kail’s (2010, p. 135) study, â€Å"research reveals consistent genetic influence in many psychological areas, including personality, mental abilityRead MoreEssay about Child Development, Nature vs Nurture801 Words   |  4 Pages. The nature versus nurture debate is one of the oldest issues in psychology. The debate centers on the relative contributions ofgenetic inheritance  and  environmental factors  to human development. Some philosophers such as Plato and Descartes suggested that certain things are inborn, or that they simply occur naturally regardless of environmental influences. Other well-known thinkers such as John Locke believed in what is known as  tabula rasa, which suggests that the mind begins as a blank slateRead MoreThe Role Of Nature And Nurture Affect Development Of A Child, Conception, And The Contemporary Theories1690 Words   |  7 PagesLife Span Development From the time of conception to the time of death, we are constantly developing and changing. Although some of the changes are as a result of personal adoptions and incidences, most changes experienced are as a result of our shared biological and mental heritage as humans and are shared by all individuals in the globe. A lot of studies have been dedicated to the study of human growth and development. In the book, Lifespan development, various concepts have been discussed in theRead MoreLifespan Development. Influences of Nature and Nurture on a 4 Year Old Child2298 Words   |  10 Pageswill be discussing the development of a four year old child. With the support of relevant theories including the work of Jean Piaget and Erik Erikson, I will discuss the environmental influences that promote the physical, cognitive and psychosocial development of a four year old child. I will also review the importance of play in the child’s development and propose an activity of play that wo uld enhance the child’s development. In the world of a four year old child there is a lot of changingRead MoreNature Vs. Nurture Debate878 Words   |  4 Pages When one thinks about child development, are personalities and traits produced by genetics or shaped by the environment? Or, is there a relationship between nature and nurture with regards to child development? The debate continues. While some believe â€Å"nature and nurture work together, others believe they are separate and opposing influences† (McDevitt, 2010). Nature vs Nurture In regards to the nature vs. nurture debate, â€Å"this debate is a major issue in many social science disciplines and isRead MoreThe Role Of Nature And Nurture Development At Childhood Stages1603 Words   |  7 PagesChildhood Development Student’s Name University Name â€Æ' Childhood Development Introduction Twins who have the same genetic makeup raised up in a different environment have portrayed variation in performance and other dynamics of intelligence quotients, physical development, and socioemotional development. Research on adoptions has also revealed interesting results concerning biological and nature in the development of the children. Therefore, this raises the question about the roles of nature and nurtureRead MoreThe Scopes Of Psychological Health913 Words   |  4 Pagesinstincts of a caretaker, but is it be essential to child development? â€Å"A mother’s (caretaker’s) love in infancy and childhood is as important for mental health as are vitamins and proteins for physical health† is a quote that raises controversy amongst the way psychologists and the theories they believe in. Some psychological theorists argue about how influential it can be through the scopes of psychological health. They believe it can be essential for a child to develop in a hea lthy psychological stateRead MoreThe Theory Of Human Development1060 Words   |  5 PagesTheories of human development deliver a framework to deliberate human growth, development, and learning. Understanding the theories can deliver useful contents into individuals and society a set of principles and concepts that describe life span development. Development perspectives are the psychoanalytic theory, behavior theory, humanistic approach and cognitive theory. Each theory focuses on different aspects of human development. The psychoanalytic is â€Å"the approach stating that behavior is motivatedRead MoreThe Theory Of Attachment Proposed By John Bowlby And Mary Ainsworth1177 Words   |  5 Pagesdiscussions in class, and chapter readings highlighted the importance of one of the characteristics of human nature, which is relationships and attachment. The course materials emphasized the critical role of relationship and attachment to the development of the children. The internship si te also provided an opportunity for me to visualize different attachments and relationships between parent and child in action. As the chapter readings from the textbook explore different perspectives of relationship andRead MoreIs Child Development Best Described as Gradual Change, or as a Series of Stages?1277 Words   |  6 PagesEssay cover sheet Essay Title: Is child development best described as gradual change, or as a series of stages? Student number: M00330526 Word count (Excluding title and references section): 1076 Declaration By submitting this work I acknowledge that I am its author, that all sources consulted in its preparation are referenced appropriately in accordance with the referencing guide, and that I have not copied from any source. The development of children occurs from birth to adolescence

Cybercrime free essay sample

A discussion on the consequences of cybercrime on children and the ways in which we can make children safe from sexual predators without harming them in the process. (more) Cybercrime free essay sample Features and issues Philippine Dally Inquirer 9:49 pm I Saturday, October 6th, 2012 ANTIGENS, floggers and Journalists hold a rally outside the Supreme Court to protest Republic Act No. 10175, also known as the Cybercafà © Prevention Act. RAFF LEARN Recently, the President signed into law two key pieces of legislation-?the Cybercafà © Prevention Act and the Data Privacy Act, both of which were meant to assist the development of the business process outsourcing Industry In the country. As late as last year, the Philippines reigned as the country with the biggest number of seats In he call center industry, as the BOP industry grew in terms of total revenue, foreign exchange inflow and employment generation. BOP lobby It is believed that the BOP industry needs the Cybercafà © Act (the Act) to respond to the demands of foreign clients for a strong legal environment that can secure their data from being stolen and sold.As early as 2000, the E-commerce Act (ACE) already punished hacking but the penalties were deemed too light. The persons convicted served no Call time If they opted to plead guilty In exchange for probation In lieu of imprisonment. Law enforcement agencies also faced various roadblocks when investigating cybercafà © incidents. Even during emergency situations, service providers were reluctant to cooperate with law enforcement officers, citing the need to protect subscriber privacy.Theoretically, search warrants would have addressed that problem but they were difficult to procure and Involved a lengthy process that would have given cybercafà © offenders enough time to delete precious data and cover their tracks. In cross-border cybercafà © Incidents, law enforcement efforts were even more challenging since foreign governments were not equipped to spend quickly to requests for assistance and no International framework was in place to address cross-border investigations and prosecution. To be sure, no one in government was asleep at the wheel.The Philippine National Police (PEN) and the National Bureau of Investigation (NIB), blessed with foreign-funded training in computer forensics and cybercafà © Investigation techniques, proceeded to organize and staff their cybercafà © units. These were the two agencies that were very active in cybercafà © investigation since the passage of the ACE. Budapest Convention Meanwhile, In the realm of international cooperation, the Department of Justice (DOC) officially endorsed the Philippines accession to the Council of Rupees Convention on Cybercafà ©, also known as the Budapest Convention.The treaty was fast becoming the vehicle to harmonize cybercafà ƒ © definitions and promoted international cooperation in cybercafà © enforcement and investigation. After all, the Budapest Convention was signed by many countries in Europe and even counted non-E countries such as the United States, Canada, Japan, China and South Africa as among its member-states. It was against this backdrop that various cybercafà © bills were and it would take Congress more than 10 years to pass the Cybercafà © Act.Salient features The salient features of the Act include internationally consistent definitions for certain cybercafà ©s, nuanced liability for perpetrators of cybercafà ©s, increased penalties, greater authority granted to law enforcement authorities, expansive jurisdictional authority to prosecute cybercafà ©s, provisions for international cybercafà © coordination efforts and greater ability to combat cybercafà ©s. Indeed, many of the cybercafà ©s defined under the Act hewed closely to the BudapestConvention and it borrowed heavily from the conventions definition of illegal access and interception, data and system interference, misuse of devices, computer-related forgery and computer-related fraud. Attempts now punishable Under the ACE, cybercafà ©s can be prosecuted only if the offense was consummated. Unsuccessful intrusions or hacki ng incidents were not punishable. From a law enforcement standpoint, this means no arrest can occur until the harm or injury is actually inflicted upon the victims. Mere attempts were not punishable. Also, only the principal perpetrator was subject to criminal penalties.These were addressed under the Act, where attempted cybercafà ©s are now punished and those who aid and abet the commission of cybercafà ©s are also made liable. This more nuanced approach to liability translates to greater flexibility in law enforcement and prosecution since cybercafà ©s can be stopped while being committed, though not yet consummated. Stiffer penalties The Act also increased the penalties from those imposed under the ACE. From the standard three-year prison term under the ACE, the Act increased the penalty to a period from six to 12 years for a lot of cybercafà ©s.This ensured that any person invoiced under the Act would surely face imprisonment since the option to apply for probation would no longer be available. In direct response to the difficulties faced by law enforcement agencies in investigating cybercafà © incidents, the Act gave greater authority to the PEN and NIB to engage in wa rranties real-time collection of minimized traffic data as well as the explicit authority to secure warrants for the interception of all types of electronic communication. To prevent the destruction of precious evidence housed in various service providers like cell phone companies and roadman providers, the Act requires the preservation of data for a minimum of six months. This gives law enforcement authorities the ability to investigate past cybercafà © incidents as well as lead time to get pertinent court orders to access such data. The Act further specifies the means and manner by which law enforcement authorities should conduct computer-related searches and seizures of data, their custody, preservation and destruction.Expanded Jurisdiction Since many cybercafà ©s are transnational in character, Congress vested in courts an expanded Jurisdiction over the commission of cybercafà ©s. The pre-war Revised Penal Code took a more conservative stance and as a rule, the law was not applicable to acts committed outside the physical boundaries of the republic. In contrast, the application of the Act was expanded beyond the Philippines so long as the perpet rator was a Filipino, or the effects of the cybercafà © were felt within the country.In addition, the law applied if any of the elements were committed in the office Accordingly, to ensure the proper adjudication of cybercafà ©s, the Act mandates specialized training for Judges in newly created cybercafà © courts. Since the Philippines has yet to enact the Budapest Convention and take advantage of the international cooperation available to its member-states, Congress, in the meantime, organized the Cybercafà © Office at the DOC and designated it as the central authority in all matters related to international mutual assistance and extradition.It is meant as a stop-gap measure, which hopefully can transition seamlessly when the country accedes to the treaty. Emergency response team Finally, the Cybercafà © Act created the Cybercafà © Investigation and Coordinating Center for policy coordination among concerned agencies and the formulation of a sectional subjectivity plan that includes the creation of a computer emergency response team. Clearly, the approach taken by Congress in the Cybercafà © Act was to enlist the participation of various sectors of government to combat cybercafà © not only at the national level but also internationally.While the BOP industry lobbied for the passage of t he Act, it is undeniably a statute that applies to anyone who can potentially become a victim of cybercafà ©. Unfortunately, not all statutes are perfect and although the best of intentions are embedded throughout the Act, some flaws in the law have caught the attention of the public, of late. Petitions in high court Indeed, various petitions have been lodged in the Supreme Court to question the constitutionality of the Acts provisions relating to libel, increased penalties, real-time collection of traffic data and the so-called teakwood provision. Online libel was not an original creation under the Act. In fact, as early as 2010, the Supreme Court recognized that comments on a blob entry could give rise to a prosecution for libel. To its credit, the high court reasonably interpreted the law. The complainant argued that it was permissible to choose where to initiate the case upon the theory that inline libel was published simultaneously throughout the Philippines. Recognizing that the law did not allow a party to choose inconvenient venues for online libel cases, the Court limited the choice to only one-?the place where the complainant resides.One degree higher The Acts libel provision seemed harmless on its face. The law itself imposed no specific penalty unlike in other cybercafà ©s mentioned in the statute. But the Act provides that online libel is punished by one degree higher and that the prosecution under the law would still be independent of a separate prosecution for libel under the Revised Penal Code. Under the old regime, an accused facing libel can expect to face no more than four years and two months Jail time. Under the Act, the maximum penalty shot up to 10 years.Since the penalties were cumulative, a single act of online libel can attract a maximum Jail time of more than 14 years. Double convictions The double convictions and the increased penalties made the accused ineligible for probation, thus guaranteeing imprisonment. Since the acts and the crime of online libel are the same as that defined in the Revised Penal Code, it has been argued that the law violates the rule against double Jeopardy which seeks to protect citizens against being penalized twice for the same offense.Also, by imposing increased and communications technologies (Sits), Congress was unfairly segregati ng users of Sits and treating them more harshly. Protection clause violated There seems to be no rational basis for this classification and the discrimination imposed by Congress violates the equal protection clause that requires the government to treat all citizens equally.Since the online libel law targets the fundamental right to free speech, the onus is upon the government to demonstrate a compelling state interest in penalizing online libel in this manner, and show that here was no less restrictive alternative available to promote that interest. In the desire to empower law enforcement agencies, the Act authorizes the PEN and the NIB to conduct real-time collection of traffic data, or data about a communications origin, destination, route, date, size and duration, but excluding identities and content.In the context of mobile communications, traffic data will reveal the originating number, the destination number, the time and date of the communication, as well as the length of the conversation or the size of the SMS message se nt. Surveillance The law enforcement authorities may claim that the traffic data are anonymous, but the fact is that the law allows collection of specified communications, which necessarily means the PEN or NIB must already know something about the communications or the identity of their source.Even if they did not, it is easy to know the identity of a cell phones owner by simply dialing the number and employing various social engineering techniques to get that information. Once the identity of the person has been determined, the real-time collection of traffic data effectively becomes a targeted surveillance. That is not to say that government authorities are prevented from engaging in surveillance, but the Constitution requires the intervention of a Judge and the issuance of a warrant before this authority can be exercised.Sadly, the real-time collection of traffic data under the Act does not afford anyone the same protection. Indeed, the privacy of suspected terrorists are protected to a greater degree under the Human Security Act that at least requires the intervention of the Court of Appeals in any surveillance and the careful handling of the evidence collected. No similar protections exist under the Act, not even in the ass of ordinary citizens. Certainly, these violate the right to the privacy of communications, and the right against unreasonable searches and seizure.Most odious provision Finally, the most odious provision of the Act is the so-called teakwood provision that authorizes the DOC to block access to any content upon a prima facie (or first glance) finding of a violation of the provisions of the Act. This means that a person who believes he has become the victim of an online libel can file a complaint in the DOC and if at first blush it appears there has been a violation of the Act, an order will be sued directing Internet service providers to block the content. Under this scenario, the DOC has effectively become the Judge, Jury and executioner without the benefit of a trial or a conviction established beyond reasonable doubt. No time limit The teakwood order has no time limit and can be in place for years or even forever. The complainant is not required to file a case in court while the teakwood order is in place. In fact, it is likely that no such case will ever be filed since the remedy sought has already been obtained, as the online content is already gone.

Basic Algebraic Properties of Real Numbers free essay sample

Algebraic Properties of Real Numbers The numbers used to measure real-world quantities such as length, area, volume, speed, electrical charges, probability of rain, room temperature, gross national products, growth rates, and so forth, are called real numbers. They include such number.The basic algebraic properties of the real numbers can be expressed in terms of the two fundamental operations of addition and multiplication. Basic Algebraic Properties: Let and denotes real numbers. (1) The Commutative Properties (a) (b) The commutative properties says that the order in which we either add or multiplication real number doesn’t matter. (2) The Associative Properties (a) (b) The associative properties tells us that the way real numbers are grouped when they are either added or multiplied doesn’t matter. Because of the associative properties, expressions such as and makes sense without parentheses. (3) The Distributive Properties (a) (b) The distributive properties can be used to expand a product into a sum, such as or the other way around, to rewrite a sum as product: (4) The Identity Properties (a) (b) We call the additive identity and the multiplicative identity for the real numbers. We will write a custom essay sample on Basic Algebraic Properties of Real Numbers or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page (5) The Inverse Properties (a) For each real number , there is real number , called the additive inverse of , such that (b) For each real number , there is a real number , called the multiplicative inverse of , such that Although the additive inverse of , namely , is usually called the negative of , you must be careful because isn’t necessarily a negative number. For instance, if , then . Notice that the multiplicative inverse is assumed to exist if . The real number is also called the reciprocal of and is often written as . Example: State one basic algebraic property of the real numbers to justify each statement: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) If , then Solution: (a) Commutative Property for addition (b) Associative Property for addition (c) Commutative Property for multiplication (d) Distributive Property (e) Additive Inverse Property (f) Multiplicative Identity Property (g) Multiplicative Inverse Property Many of the important properties of the real numbers can be derived as results of the basic properties, although we shall not do so here. Among the more important derived properties are the following. (6) The Cancellation Properties: a) If then, (b) If and , then (7) The Zero-Factor Properties: (a) (b) If , then or (or both) (8) Properties of Negation: (a) (b) (c) (d) Subtraction and Division: Let and be real numbers, (a) The difference is defined by (b) The quotient or ratio or is defined only if . If , then by definition It may be noted that Division by zero is not allowed. When is written in the form , it is called a fraction with numerator and denominator . Although the denominator can’t be zero, there’s nothing wrong with having a zero in the numerator. In fact, if , (9) The Negative of a Fraction: If , then

Dimensions of inter-professional practice The WritePass Journal

Dimensions of inter-professional practice Introduction Dimensions of inter-professional practice ). Each team member brings a different aspect and focus to an inter-professional meeting and each role is distinctive, the nursing role is unique in that they are closer to what is happening with the patient because they seem them daily and have more ‘human’ contact with them (NMC, 2006). Conclusion It is important to remember during inter-professional meetings that health professionals may not have the skills or attributes essential for inter-professional practice and may require education in order to learn how to collaborate (McCallin 2005). Developing inter-professional practice requires a commitment to engage in shared learning and dialogue. Dialogue has the potential to encourage collegial learning, change thinking, support new working relationships, and improve client care. Looking back I realise I should have mentioned Agnes’ dislike of vegetables rather than worrying that it was a trivial matter and staying quiet, the role of the nurse in an inter-professional meeting is not just to report on daily observations, but also to be the advocate of the patient, as nursing staff often develop closer relationships with the patient as they have more contact with them (RCN, 2010). Action plan I will seek to become more familiar with inter-professional team working to ensure than I become an effective member of the team. I will do this by talking to my peers and mentor on their experiences and what strategies they used to become part of the team.   I will also find out more about the roles of the other professionals and how what their disciplines work within the inter-professional team. To achieve this aim I will study the general roles of the other team members. I will also work on my assertiveness, as I realise that relevant information should be mentioned in inter-professional meetings, especially if it allows the patient to have a say in their care. Furthermore, in the future, if I have a student that I am mentoring I will ensure they have a good understanding of how inter-professional meetings can unfold and I will ensure they have a voice in these meetings so that they feel involved in the proceedings. References Boyd, E. M., Fales, A. W. (1983). Reflective learning: key to learning from experience. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 23(2), 99-117. Castelli, P. (2011). An intergrated model for practicing reflective learning. Academy of Educational Leadership Journal, 15, 15-30 Department   of Health (2013) https://www.gov.uk/government/policies/improving-quality-of-life-for-people-with-long-term-conditions. Accessed 3/5/13 Gibbs, G., (1998). Learning by Doing: A Guide to Teaching and Learning Methods. Oxford: Further Education Unit, Oxford Brookes University. Grumbach K, Bodenheimer T. (2004) Can health care teams improve primary care practice? JAMA. Mar 10;291(10):1246-51. Hinchliff, S. Norman, S. Schober, J. Eds (2008) Nursing practice and healthcare. 5th ed. Oxford: Blackwell science Housley, W., (2003). Interaction in Multidisciplinary Teams. Ashgate Publishing Limited: England. Humphris D, Hean S. (2004) Educating the future workforce: building the evidence about interprofessional learning. J Health Serv Res Policy. Jan;9 Suppl 1:24-7. Kumar, K. (2011). Living Out Reflective Practice. Journal of Christian Nursing, 28(3), 139-143. Korner, M. (2008). Analysis and development of multiprofessional teams in medical rehabilitation. GMS Psychosocial Medicine, 5(13), 2. Leathard, A., (2003). Inter-professional Collaboration: from policy to practice in health and social care. Philadelphia: Brunner – Routledge. McCallin, A. (2005). Interprofessional practice: Learning how to collaborate. Contemporary Nurse: Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 28-37. Martin, J.S., Ummenhofer, W., Manser, T., Spirig, R. (2010) Interprofessional collaboration among nurses and physicians: making a difference in patient outcome. Swiss Med Wkly. 1;140:w13062. Nice guidelines (2005) Guidelines for establishing and supporting working partnerships of patients and clinicians. https://www.evidence.nhs.uk/document?ci=http%3A%2F%2Farms.evidence.nhs.uk%2Fresources%2FHub%2F15565q=nice%20guidelines%20on%20interprofessional%20workingReturnUrl=%2Fsearch%3Fq%3Dnice%2520guidelines%2520on%2520interprofessional%2520working. Accessed 3/5/13 NMC (2008), Code of Conduct, Nursing and Midwifery Council, London NMC (2006) The role of nurses in interprofessional health and social care teams, The role of nurses in interprofessional health and social care teams Accessed 3/5/13 Ovretveit, J., Mathias, F., Thomoson, T. eds., (1997). Interprofessional working for health and social care. Hampshire: Macmillan Press Limited. Pollard, K., (2005). Interprofessional Working: an Essential Guide for Health and Social-Care Professionals; England, Nelson Thrones Limited. Royal College of Nursing (2010) Principles of Nursing Practice. RCN website. Accessed 3/5/13 Royeen, CB., Jensen, JM., Harvan, RA. (2011) Leadership in interprofessional health education and practice. Jones Bartlett Publishers Whitehead (2000) Education, behavioural change and social psychology: Nursing’s contribution to health promotion. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 34(6), 822-832

CUSTOMER FEASIBILTY ANALYSIS Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

CUSTOMER FEASIBILTY ANALYSIS - Research Paper Example The plan for the proposed restaurant is divided into different sections Micro –Level Market Assessment This section reveals the target market intended by the restaurant to offer its products. Family with children and tourists of all age group irrespective of their appetite are the major target customers. Macro Level Market Assessments This section illustrates the market size and growth option for the restaurant. Accordingly, the population of the region is rising at a constant speed and the number of visitors also is increasing. Hence, the market size is relatively large and there also lies greater opportunities for the restaurant to expand the business. Macro Level Industry Assessment This section postulates the food and drink industry assessment. Accordingly, the bargaining power of customers, competition, threat of substitutes, threat of new entrants and suppliers bargaining power are moderate to high in the region. Micro Level Industry Assessment This particular section de picts the financial forecast for the proposed business. Accordingly, the start-up cost for the restaurant is estimated to be ?214,000. Accordingly, for the first four months of the start-up year, it is projected that there will be no profit. However, it is expected that the restaurant will gradually start earning substantial revenue and it is projected that the total revenue of the restaurant will exceed ?2 million. Team Assessment During the early stage of its commencement, 10 skilled and competent employees will be hired. The role of each staff will be to offer quality services to the potential customers. Summary and Conclusion This section summarizes the important points revealed in the report and duly concludes the report. To sum up, it has been ascertained that the idea of starting hala restaurant is projected to be immensely beneficial for the owners and at the same time it has potential opportunity to expand the business in the long run. SECTION 2 Micro –Level Market A ssessment: Overview of Primary and Secondary Research Undertaken To start up a business, it is essential to conduct research as the basis for the business plan in order to forecast the potential sales and growth for the proposed business. Thus, in order to execute the business plan of opening a hala restaurant in Liverpool, both primary and secondary research were conducted for ascertaining the viability of the proposed business plan. Correspondingly, secondary research was conducted using industry profiles, newspapers, demographic profiles and magazines. Additionally, primary research was conducted using yellow pages to identify competitors existing in the target market. Target Market and Its Pain Identified The proposed hala restaurant intends to operate in Liverpool. This location has been chosen due to various reasons. One of the most imperative reasons for the selection of the target market is that there are not many hala restaurants operating in Liverpool. Another vital reason for choosing Liverpool as the target market can be attributed to the constant increase in the number of visitors to the city. Despite the fall in the number of travellers visiting the United Kingdom, there has been a significant increase in the number of visitors visiting Liverpool (BBC, â€Å"Liverpool Area Tourism Figures Increase†). Correspondingly, this restaurant will offer an attraction for the local population irrespective of the age or appetite. At the same time, families with school

Leadership and HRM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Leadership and HRM - Essay Example Deregulation in many of the European countries have led to less collective arrangement for employees and more employee benefits at an organizational level . Most of the recognized organizations all over the globe have: (Rioux, Bernthal, Wellins,) `Best Practices` within an organization has often been linked to the Human Resource system that is being adopted by any particular organization. Human resource systems refer to the electronic tools that are used to assess and perform HR related information and functions respectively. Human resource system enables the HR staff to execute all the HR related activities such as personnel actions and job announcements. Marriot International has adopted various innovative HR practices which has earned it the reputation of â€Å"the best place to work† in the hospitality industry. Marriot`s spirit to serve has in fact guided its various HR initiatives. The company has reaped several benefits because of its employee friendly HR practices. J. William Marriot had set `The Hot Shoppe` in Washington in 1927 where hot food was served along with root bear. In 1937 Hot Shoppes ventured into airline catering services at Washington Airport. Over the next three decades Hot Shoppes diversified its business into many other service management sectors and in 1967, its name was changed to Marriott Corporation. In 1982, Marriot acquired Host International and became the largest operator of airport terminal food, beverage and merchandise facilities in the US. With the acquisition of Saga Corporation in 1986, Marriot became the largest food management company in the US. Marriot has also diversified into moderate price segments of hotels under the brand name of `Courtyard`. Today Marriot is a product of the metamorphosis that began fifteen years ago. Five major trends that can define the organisation are: Marriot has always been known for the

History of Western Civilization Essay Example for Free

History of Western Civilization Essay Civilizations of societies started long before the times Jesus in the Middle East especially in the ancient Greek and Roman Empires. In the 18th century most European countries followed the suit and underwent changes from pre- industrialized to industrialized nations characterized by social and economic changes. There were a lot of technological innovations which led to increased energy production and thus large scale production of most products with ease. Industrialization has over the years been linked to some factors which enhance fast changes for instance cheap skilled labor, political stability, presence of raw materials and available markets of the products produced. Industrial revolution was experienced in England to the northwest and the midlands. People used to make their own furniture, clothes and equipments until industrialization took over whereby they could buy goods already made from the industries. History of Western Civilization England underwent several civilizations in which there was increased agricultural output (Agrarian revolution) which led to increased population density and eventually led to the industrial revolution. New techniques were initiated and allowed farmers to produce more yield than there before. As time passed machines and other equipments were produced by skilled personnel who sold them to those who were specialized in agriculture. The business to make machines and other related equipments boomed and led formation of a class of people who worked in the industries as they expanded. These machines were very advantageous because they substituted the human job since it did not involve a lot of work and therefore people did not get tired fast. Those who worked in the industries earned more than those who were specialized on agriculture. Most of these industries were located in the urban centers and they would obtain their raw materials from the farmers in the country side. Industrialization in England led to numerous increases in population leading to less arable land and therefore some of the people migrated to other countries where they introduced the new techniques for agriculture and industry (Landes, 1969). However, most of the skilled personnel were not allowed to immigrate to the England’s new colonies so that England would remain superior in technological advances. Industrialization in England was characterized by many factors which made this country to be first to be industrialized. Agrarian, commercial and cottage revolutions greatly enhanced the fast social and economic changes in this country leading to a lot of extra money which facilitated the improvement of infrastructure. The industries spread all over England and Europe and since the number of workers were reducing as a result of immigration to England colonies, they resulted in taking people from the countries that were still not in the process of social and economic change especially in Africa and made them to work in their farms and industries as slaves. As more and more industries were built the private sector was also changing as money for expansion and setting up of more industries was needed. This led to the emergence of banks and other financial institutions which financed all these industrialization activities. These institutions gave loans to people to expand and introduce more industries and then repay later with the profits obtained. At around this time of industrialization most people used wood as a source of energy for the industries. The number of industries increased enormously and therefore the number of trees reduced drastically and made the people to think of alternative source of energy. They came up with coal which was used in the industries as an alternative and could be even used in homes. The coal mines were usually flooded with water at times and a method of pumping water out of the mines was innovated but the coal would not generate power. This method was not embraced and therefore coal was not a lasting solution and more innovations needed to be initiated for instance in the textile industry. Textile industry in England was the first industry to be mechanized and utilized wool which obtained from large scale sheep farms in the country. Weaving was usually done in cottages by skilled people after which the yarn was taken to the industries where it would be made in to clothes. England by then conquered many colonies where they would grow cotton in addition to importing cotton and used to substitute the wool. At around 1773 John Kay introduced a machine he named the flying shuttle which made it possible for a person to easily weave. In the textile industry machines that utilized water for energy were introduced. This machinery could reduce the cost of production and at the same time increase the rate of production. These measures were taken when the cost of production started to sky rocket reducing the profits of the merchants and the merchants did not want to raise the goods prices in a quest to maintain their customers. Transportation in England was favored by the fact that it had many rivers and natural harbors which greatly reduced transportation costs because rivers covered most areas and therefore goods could be transported to most parts of the country. Canals were also built on rivers which were not naturally navigable and also facilitated easy transportation of raw materials from farms in England and from distant colonies and transportation of finished products from the industries to the consumers. Tram ways which were pulled by horses were also used especially when transporting goods inland until when trains were made and used instead because they relatively faster. Due to the limitation of the road transport some people decided to borrow loans from the financial institutions ton repair them and then use toll fees to repay the loans. This would also ensure easy transportation of goods in areas where the rivers and coastline was far away. Improvement of roads led to introduction of stage coaches which would transport even people from one area to another. Transport was boosted with the introduction and improvement of railway. The first type of railway was wooden and did not last long until when iron plates were put on top of the wood and the railway became more durable. Another factor that facilitated faster industrialization of England is its isolation from the European mainland. This helped this country to evade the wars that were occurring at this time for instance the Napoleon war. They concentrated more on development and industrialization of their country till the wars were over. After the war the British took advantage of selling their products to the other European countries and the Americas at relatively cheap prices thereby making a lot of profits. The private sector with the government support also helped a lot by offering loans to people for expansion and initiation of new industries and for the repair of roads which enhanced faster movement of goods between places. Conclusion Civilization of England in many ways has influenced the modern world with only improvement of the machineries that were made during the period of industrialization. The support from the government and relative stability of the country made it to develop even faster without any worries of attacks during the war of Napoleon in the mainland. Advancements in technology led to improvement and construction of new transport systems and infrastructure which also facilitated movement of raw materials and finished products to the several destinations within England and other countries. Civilization in England led to migration of people to the urban centers where they would be able to obtain jobs in the urban centers. This situation is the same even in the modern days where especially young people move to the towns and cities in search of better jobs in the industries. References Jackson, S. Western Civilization: A Brief History. 4th Edition. Cengage Learning, 2007. Jacob, F. The Development of Western Civilization : A study in Ethical, Economic and Political Kenneth, P. Steven, T. The world that trade created: society, culture, and the world economy, 1400- the present. 2nd Edition. M. E Sharpe, 1999. Richard, B. Society and Economy in Modern Britain 1700-1850. Routledge, 1991. Evolution. The University of Chicago Press, 1906. Roy, P. David, L. The Cambridge History of Science: Eighteenth-century science. 2nd Edition. Cambridge University Press, 2003.

Capital Punishment Essay -- essays research papers

Susan Smith purposely drove her car off into a lake with her 2 children strapped to the back seats. Think of how they must have felt as the cold water started to fill the car, and then ultimately drowned them. Barbaric is the word I would use to describe her actions. But yet, the jury rejected the death penalty and chose a 30-year sentence instead because capital punishment was not enforced in the state. Broken up from the death of his 2 children, Mr. Smith said, â€Å"Me and my family are disappointed that the death penalty was not the verdict.† I am going to convince you that capital punishment has to be enforced in all states. I will tell you about the problem, the solution to the problem, and what it would be like if my solution is implemented. The problem is that the current criminals that commit these brutal crimes are not fearful enough of the consequences and punishment they have to pay. Life in prison is too easy on the convicts. We have to be harder on them. Another problem is capital punishment is not imposed in enough states. All of the states need to adopt it in the United States for it to be effective. Another dilemma is that it is not fair that an individual who took the life of another receives heating, shelter, clothing, 3 meals a day, and indoor plumbing while a homeless person who does not cause any harm to anybody else receives nothing. An additional problem is the current prisons are very low on cell space. The criminals that have life in prison are takin... Capital Punishment Essay -- essays research papers Susan Smith purposely drove her car off into a lake with her 2 children strapped to the back seats. Think of how they must have felt as the cold water started to fill the car, and then ultimately drowned them. Barbaric is the word I would use to describe her actions. But yet, the jury rejected the death penalty and chose a 30-year sentence instead because capital punishment was not enforced in the state. Broken up from the death of his 2 children, Mr. Smith said, â€Å"Me and my family are disappointed that the death penalty was not the verdict.† I am going to convince you that capital punishment has to be enforced in all states. I will tell you about the problem, the solution to the problem, and what it would be like if my solution is implemented. The problem is that the current criminals that commit these brutal crimes are not fearful enough of the consequences and punishment they have to pay. Life in prison is too easy on the convicts. We have to be harder on them. Another problem is capital punishment is not imposed in enough states. All of the states need to adopt it in the United States for it to be effective. Another dilemma is that it is not fair that an individual who took the life of another receives heating, shelter, clothing, 3 meals a day, and indoor plumbing while a homeless person who does not cause any harm to anybody else receives nothing. An additional problem is the current prisons are very low on cell space. The criminals that have life in prison are takin...

Dc Power Supply Design

Abstract: The main aim of this assignment is to design a pre amplifier circuit with an NPN transistor to be used in a simple public address (PA) system. The pre amplifier is fed from a microphone that produces an average output voltage of 10 mV rms. The amplifier is to operate over a frequency range of 300 Hz to 5 kHz and should have an adjustable volume control. The expected gain of the amplifier is 100.First we are going to design an amplifier for given specifications, model the operation of the circuit using h-parameter and r-parameter model, use computer aided design software to analyze the circuit performance and demonstrate the working of the circuit by hardware implementation. Then, we will plot the frequency response of the circuit and analyze the effect of the emitter bypass capacitor. Finally we will compare the mid-band gain, bandwidth and lower cutoff frequency obtained from the simulation result and the hardware implementation with the designed values. Chapter 1Introduct ion: Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) is a three terminal device with three regions (Emitter, Base and Collector) and two PN junctions (Emitter-Base junction and Base-Collector junction). Since there are two junctions that means there are four possible ways of biasing a transistor. If both junctions are forward biased then the transistor will operate in the saturation region. If both junctions are reverse biased then the transistor will operate in the cut of region. These two conditions of operation are used when the transistor is needed to work as a switch.To use a transistor as an amplifier, the emitter base junction should be forward biased and the collector base junction should be reverse biased. Amplifier is an electronic circuit that can amplify signals applied to its input terminal. If an AC signal is given to a transistor amplifier it will produce an AC base current. This AC base current will produce a much larger AC collector current since IC=? IB. The AC collector current produces an AC voltage across the load resistor RL, thus producing an amplified, but inverted, reproduction of the AC input voltage in the active region of operations.DC load line is a sloping straight line connecting all the operating points of a transistor biasing drawn on the output characteristics of the transistor and the intersection point gives the Quiescent point (Q-point). A prober Q-point should be in the middle of the DC load line. Selecting a good Q-point prevents the transistor from going into the cutoff or the saturation region and gives more stability. A fixed bias (i. e. base bias) circuit or a voltage divider bias circuit can be used for this assignment but a voltage divider circuit is more efficient.The main disadvantage in a fixed bias circuit is that ? ac depends on temperature, which means ? ac is not stable. And when ? ac changes, IC will change(IC=? IB) and VCE will change. The changes in IC and VCE make the Q-point unstable. Whereas in voltage divider bias c ircuit, IC is independent of ? ac and hence the Q-point is more stable. Voltage divider bias is widely used because reasonably good stability reached with a single power supply. Chapter 2 Problem Description: The problem is to design and fabricate a pre amplifier circuit with an NPN transistor to be used in a simple public address (PA) system.The input of the pre amplifier circuit is taken from a microphone that produces an average output voltage of 10 mV rms. The amplifier is to operate over a frequency range of 300 Hz to 5 kHz. Also, it should have an adjustable volume control. The expected voltage gain of the amplifier is 100. Design Specifications: Voltage gain = 100 Lower cut off frequency = 300Hz Vin = 10mV (rms) RL = 10k? DC power supply = 10V to 15V Type of transistor – NPN We will begin our assignment by selecting a suitable transistor. Then we will decide on a DC voltage supply and assume a prober Q-point (IC, VCE) to carry out the design.We will start the design by calculating the values of Resistors RC and RE and the voltage divider resistors R1 and R2. After that we will calculate the values of the two coupling capacitors (C1 and C2) and the emitter bypass capacitor (CE) for the required cut off frequency. After finishing the mathematical model we will simulate the circuit using OrCAD to analyze the circuit performance. Then, after finishing the simulation, we will assemble the circuit using approximate values of the calculated ones. Finally, we will compare the simulation results with the hardware results.The results we will be focusing on are the voltage gain, the cutoff frequency and the Bandwidth. Chapter 3 Circuit Diagram and Design: Av = 100 FL = 300Hz Av = 100 FL = 300Hz Figure 1 – Circuit Diagram Step1 – Selection of Transistor, Supply Voltage (VCC) and Collector Current (IC): The selected transistor should have a minimum current gain (? ) that is equal to or greater than the desired voltage gain. Therefore, we will us e Q2N2222 in this assignment. Since the output voltage swing is not specified in this assignment, we will choose 12V as our voltage supply. We will choose IC as 4 mA. Transistor: Q2N2222Supply Voltage: VCC = 12 V Collector Current: IC = 4 mA * To carry out the design we need to draw the dc equivalent circuit. Figure 2 – DC Equivalent Circuit Step2 – Design of Collector Resistor (RC) and Emitter Resistor (RE): VCE = 50% VCC = 50% ? 12 = 6 V VE = 10% VCC = 10% ? 12 = 1. 2 V VRC = VCC – VE – VCE = 12 – 6 – 1. 2 = 4. 8 V RC = VRCIC = 4. 8 V4 mA = 1. 2 k? RE = VEIE = VEIC = 1. 2 V4 mA = 300 ? , since IC ? IE Step3 – Design of Voltage Divider R1 and R2: ? = 100 (data sheet) R2 = ? RE10= 100? 30010 = 3 k? VB = VBE + VE = 0. 7 + 1. 2 = 1. 9 V VB = VCCR2R1+R2 R1 = VCCR2VB+R2 = 100? 3k1. +3k = 16 k? * Now we need to draw the ac equivalent circuit. Figure 3 – AC Equivalent Circuit Step4 – Design of RE1 and RE2: RE = RE1 + RE2 Rout = Rc || RL = 1. 2? 101. 2+10= 1 k? r'e = 26mIE = 26mIC = 6. 5 ? AV = Routr'e+RE1 r'e+RE1= RoutAv = 1k100 = 10 ? RE1 =10 – r'e = 10 – 6. 5 = 3. 5 ? RE2 = RE – RE1 = 300 – 3. 5 = 296. 5 ? Step5 – Design of Coupling Capacitors C1 and C2: hie = Rin (base) = ? (r'e+RE1) = 100 ? (3. 5 + 6. 5) = 1 k? Rin (tot) = R1 || R2 || Rin (base) = 1116+13+11 = 716. 4 ? XC1 = Rin(tot)10 = 716. 410 = 71. 64 ? C1 = 12? fLXC1 = 12 300? 71. 64 = 7. 4  µF XC2 = RC + RL = 1. 2 + 10 = 11. k? C2 = 12? fLXC2 = 12 300? 11200 = 47. 4 nF Step6 – Design of Bypass Capacitor CE: R’S = R1 || R2 = 16. 09? 316. 09+3 = 2. 5 k? Re = RE2 ||{ R’S ? + (r'e+RE1)} = 296. 5 ||{ 2500 100+ (6. 5+3. 5)} = 296. 5? 35296. 5+35 = 31. 3 ? XCE = Re10 = 31. 310 = 3. 13 ? CE = 12? fLXCE = 12 300? 3. 13 = 169. 5  µF Av = 100 FL = 300Hz Av = 100 FL = 300Hz Figure 4 – Circuit Diagram with values Simulation Results: With CE: Mid-band gain, AV = 99. 8 Lower Cutoff Frequency, FL = 334 Hz Higher Cutoff Frequency, FH = 20. 6 MHz Bandwidth, BW = FH – FL = 20. 6 M – 334 = 20. 6 MHz Without CE: Mid-band gain, AV = 3. 5Lower Cutoff Frequency, FL = 305 Hz Higher Cutoff Frequency, FH = 46 MHz Bandwidth, BW = FH – FL = 46 M – 305 = 46 MHz (Circuit Diagram and Frequency Response are enclosed along with this report) Chapter 4 Hardware Fabrication and Testing Details: During circuit assembling process we tried to find the nearest values to the calculated ones. These are the values we used: RC = 1. 2 k? we selected1. 2 k? RE1 = 3. 5 ? we selected4. 5 ? RE2 = 296. 5 ? we selected270 ? R1 = 16 k? we selected15 k? R2 = 3 k? we selected2. 2 k? C1 = 7. 4  µF we selected10  µF C2 = 47. 4 nF we selected47 nF CE = 169. 5  µF we selected147  µF Procedure: . Assembled the circuit on a breadboard and connected a DC power supply of 12V. 2. Applied a sine wave of 10 mV amplitude and 100 Hz frequency to the input. 3. Observed the output waveform in the CRO and noted down the amplitude. 4. Increased the input signal frequency in steps, without changing its amplitude, and noted down the output amplitude at each step. 5. Calculated the voltage gain of the amplifier by the equation, AV = Vout/Vin found the voltage gain in dB by the equation, AV (dB) = 10 log (AV). 6. Plotted the frequency response curve and found the frequencies (fL and fH) for which the gain reaches 0. 07 of mid band gain. 7. Found the frequency range between fL and fH which gives the bandwidth of the amplifier. Hardware Results: With CE: Frequency (Hz)| Vout (mV)| AV| AV (dB)| log f| 100| 182| 18. 2| 25. 20| 2. 0| 500| 662| 66. 2| 36. 42| 2. 7| 1 k| 750| 75. 0| 37. 50| 3. 0| 5 k| 784| 78. 4| 37. 89| 3. 7| 10 k| 786| 78. 6| 37. 91| 4. 0| 50 k| 786| 78. 6| 37. 91| 4. 7| 100 k| 786| 78. 6| 37. 91| 5. 0| 500 k| 786| 78. 6| 37. 91| 5. 7| 1 M| 786| 78. 6| 37. 91| 6. 0| 2 M| 784| 78. 4| 37. 89| 6. 3| 5 M| 770| 77. 0| 37. 73| 6. 7| 10 M| 728| 72. 8| 37. 24| 7. 0| 50 M| 344| 34. 4| 30. 73| 7. 7| 100 M| 182| 18. 2| 25. 0| 8. 0| Mid-band gain, AV = 78. 6 Lower Cutoff Frequency, FL = 2. 6 B = 398 Hz Higher Cutoff Frequency, FH = 7. 35 B = 17. 78 MHz Bandwidth, BW = FH – FL = 17. 78 M – 398 = 17. 78 MHz Without CE: Frequency (Hz)| Vout (mV)| AV| AV (dB)| log f| 100| 12| 1. 2| 1. 58| 2. 0| 500| 32| 3. 2| 10. 10| 2. 7| 1 k| 36| 3. 6| 11. 13| 3. 0| 5 k| 38| 3. 8| 11. 60| 3. 7| 10 k| 38| 3. 8| 11. 60| 4. 0| 50 k| 38| 3. 8| 11. 60| 4. 7| 100 k| 38| 3. 8| 11. 60| 5. 0| 500 k| 38| 3. 8| 11. 60| 5. 7| 1 M| 38| 3. 8| 11. 60| 6. 0| 2 M| 38| 3. 8| 11. 60| 6. 3| 5 M| 38| 3. 8| 11. 60| 6. 7| 10 M| 36| 3. 6| 11. 13| 7. 0| 50 M| 26| 2. 6| 8. 0| 7. 7| 100 M| 18| 1. 8| 5. 10| 8. 0| Mid-band gain, AV = 78. 6 Lower Cutoff Frequency, FL = 2. 55 B = 356 Hz Higher Cutoff Frequency, FH = 7. 6 B = 39. 81 MHz Bandwidth, BW = FH – FL = 39. 81 M – 356 = 39. 81 MHz (Frequency responses of the circuit with and without CE are enclosed along with this report) (Frequency responses of the circuit with and without CE are enclosed along with this report) Chapter 5 Discussion and Conclusion: * First of all, there are several ways and various methods to design a common emitter amplifier or so-called RC coupled amplifier that are completely different than the one we used.We did not choose this method because it is the best method, actually, there is no such a thing called the best method. There are simple ways and there are more accurate ways. It depends on the primary assumptions, the design specifications and the thumb rules used. Simply, the method we used achieved the design requirements and accomplished desired results. * An Amplifier is a circuit that is capable of amplifying signals applied to its input terminal. The main component in any amplifier circuit is usually a transistor.Since the transistor configuration we used is a common emitter configuration, the circuit is called a Common Emitter Amplifier. Unlike other configurat ions, CE amplifier exhibit high voltage gain and high current gain. Generally, the process of a common emitter amplifier can be explained in three steps. First, the AC input signal produces an AC base current. Then, This AC base current will produce a much larger AC collector current since IC=? IB. After that, The AC collector current produces an AC voltage across the load resistor RL, thus producing an amplified, but inverted, reproduction of the AC input voltage. To use a transistor as an amplifier it should be operated in the active region (linear region). To set a transistor in the active region both junctions, Emitter-Base junction and Base-Collector junction, should be forward biased. Since changes in in temperature and other factors during the amplification process may drive the transistor into the cutoff or the saturation region, the Q-point should be in the middle of the active region to enhance the stability of the amplifier. * We preferred using a voltage divider bias cir cuit over other biasing circuits because in this kind of biasing circuits, IC is independent of ? nd therefore the Q-point is more stable. Voltage divider bias circuit is widely used because of the good stability reached with a single power supply. * C1 and C2 are called coupling capacitors. They pass ac from one side to another and block dc from appearing at the output side. In addition to that, C1 act as a high pass filter on the input signal and its value must be chosen so that it does not attenuate the frequencies which are to be amplified. Similarly, C2 also must be prevented from attenuating the output signal. * The bypass capacitor CE provides an effective short to the ac signal round the emitter resistor RE2, thus keeping only RE1 seen by the ac signal between the emitter and ground. Therefore, with the bypass capacitor, the gain of the amplifier is maximum and equal to AV=Routr'e+RE1 . Without the bypass capacitor, both RE1 and RE2 are seen by the ac signal between the emit ter and ground and effectively add to r'e in the voltage gain formula. Hence, AV=Routr'e+RE1+RE2 . * r'e is a dynamic resistor that depends on temperature. If AV was dependent only on r'e, and RE1 was not there (i. e. AV=Routr'e ), AV will be unstable over changes in temperature because when r'e increases, the gain decreases and vice versa.In order to minimize the effect of r'e without reducing the voltage gain to its minimum value we partially bypassed the total emitter resistance RE. This is known as swamping which is a compromise between having a bypass capacitor across RE and not having a bypass capacitor at all. RE1 should be at least ten times greater than r'e to minimize the effect of it. In our design RE1 is less than r'e and hence it will not do anything other than slightly reducing the gain to be about 100. In other words, in our design RE1 is somehow useless. * At lower frequencies, a capacitor will act as an open circuit.At higher frequencies, a capacitor will act as a s hort circuit. That is because the capacitive reactance is inversely proportional to the frequency (XC=1/2? fC). In an RC coupled amplifier circuits, at lower frequencies, more voltage drops across C1 and C2 because their reactance is very high. This higher signal voltage drop reduces the voltage gain of the amplifier. Similarly, at lower frequencies, the reactance of the bypass capacitor (CE) increases and this reactance in parallel with RE1 create an impedance that reduces the voltage gain.This is why RC coupled amplifier circuits have less voltage gain at lower frequencies than they have at higher frequencies. However, at higher frequencies, the reactance of the internal transistor junction capacitance goes down and when it becomes small enough, a portion of the output signal voltage is fed back out of phase with the input, thus effectively reducing the voltage gain. * Our hardware implementation results and simulation results were different. Obviously, that is because we did not find the exact values for our design. There was a notable difference between the design values and the values we have selected, especially for R2.The cutoff frequency (fL=398 Hz) is somehow acceptable but the mid band gain (AV=78. 6) is a little bit less than the desired one. Increasing the value of R2 could have solved the problem. It could have increased the voltage gain and reduced the cutoff frequency. * One of the aims of the design is to have an adjustable volume control. There are several ways to do this. One of them, and I think it’s the best, is by using a variable resistor in place of RE1 (i. e. a 100 ? variable resistor). Basically, this resistor is inversely proportional to the voltage gain (AV=Routr'e+RE1 ).Reducing the value of RE1 will increase the voltage gain, thereby increasing the volume and vice versa. References: 1. Theodore F. Bogart, Jefferey S. Beasley and Guilermo Rico (2004). Electronic Devices and Circuits. India: Pearson Education, Inc. 2. Thomas L . Floyd (2005). Electronic Devices. 7th ed. India: Pearson Education, Inc. 3. HyperPhysics  (2004)  Common Emitter Amplifier,[online] Available at: http://hyperphysics. phy-astr. gsu. edu/hbase/electronic/npnce. html [Accessed: 20th Nov 2011]. 4. Scribd  (2006)  Common Emitter Amplifier,  [online] Available at: http://www. cribd. com/doc/27767944/Common-Emitter-Amplifier [Accessed: 25th Nov 2011]. 5. Visionics  (2005)  RC Coupled Amplifier,  [online] Available at: http://www. visionics. ee/curriculum/Experiments/RC%20Ampr/RC%20Coupled%20Amplifier1. html [Accessed: 1st Nov 2011]. 6. SSIT  (2006)  Analog Electronic Circuits,  [online] Available at: http://www. ssit. edu. in/dept/assignment/aeclabmanual. pdf [Accessed: 5th Nov 2011]. 7. Edutalks  (2007)  RC Coupled Amplifier,  [online] Available at: http://www. edutalks. org/electronics%20lab%20manual%201. pdf [Accessed: 7th Nov 2011].

Ternary Operator - Java Definition

The ternary operator ?: earns its name because its the only operator to take three operands. It is a conditional operator that provides a shorter syntax for the if..then..else statement. The first operand is a boolean expression; if the expression is true then the value of the second operand is returned otherwise the value of the third operand is returned: boolean expression ? value1 : value2 Examples: The following if..then..else statement: boolean isHappy true; String mood ; if (isHappy true) { mood Im Happy!; } else { mood Im Sad!; } can be reduced to one line using the ternary operator: boolean isHappy true; String mood (isHappy true)?Im Happy!:Im Sad!; Generally the code is easier to read when the if..then..else statement is written in full but sometimes the ternary operator can be a handy syntax shortcut.